- Generate Public And Private Key Mac Free
- Generate Public And Private Key Mac Computer
- Public And Private Key Encryption
- Generate Mac Address
- Generate Public Private Key Pair Macos
- Mac Private Key
Even if someone else gains access to the encrypted data, it will remain confidential as they should not have access to Alice's Private Key. Public Key Cryptography can therefore achieve Confidentiality. However another important aspect of Public Key Cryptography is its ability to create a Digital Signature.
With a secure shell (SSH) key pair, you can create virtual machines (VMs) in Azure that use SSH keys for authentication, eliminating the need for passwords to sign in. This article shows you how to quickly generate and use an SSH public-private key file pair for Linux VMs. You can complete these steps with the Azure Cloud Shell, a macOS or Linux host, the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and other tools that support OpenSSH.
Note
VMs created using SSH keys are by default configured with passwords disabled, which greatly increases the difficulty of brute-force guessing attacks.
For more background and examples, see Detailed steps to create SSH key pairs.
For additional ways to generate and use SSH keys on a Windows computer, see How to use SSH keys with Windows on Azure.
Supported SSH key formats
Azure currently supports SSH protocol 2 (SSH-2) RSA public-private key pairs with a minimum length of 2048 bits. Other key formats such as ED25519 and ECDSA are not supported.
Create an SSH key pair
Generate Public And Private Key Mac Free
Use the ssh-keygen command to generate SSH public and private key files. By default, these files are created in the ~/.ssh directory. You can specify a different location, and an optional password (passphrase) to access the private key file. If an SSH key pair with the same name exists in the given location, those files are overwritten.
The following command creates an SSH key pair using RSA encryption and a bit length of 4096:
If you use the Azure CLI to create your VM with the az vm create command, you can optionally generate SSH public and private key files using the --generate-ssh-keys option. The key files are stored in the ~/.ssh directory unless specified otherwise with the --ssh-dest-key-path option. The --generate-ssh-keys option will not overwrite existing key files, instead returning an error. In the following command, replace VMname and RGname with your own values:
Provide an SSH public key when deploying a VM
To create a Linux VM that uses SSH keys for authentication, specify your SSH public key when creating the VM using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure Resource Manager templates, or other methods:
If you're not familiar with the format of an SSH public key, you can display your public key with the following cat command, replacing ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with the path and filename of your own public key file if needed:
A typical public key value looks like this example:
If you copy and paste the contents of the public key file to use in the Azure portal or a Resource Manager template, make sure you don't copy any trailing whitespace. To copy a public key in macOS, you can pipe the public key file to pbcopy. Similarly in Linux, you can pipe the public key file to programs such as xclip.
The public key that you place on your Linux VM in Azure is by default stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub, unless you specified a different location when you created the key pair. To use the Azure CLI 2.0 to create your VM with an existing public key, specify the value and optionally the location of this public key using the az vm create command with the --ssh-key-values option. In the following command, replace VMname, RGname, and keyFile with your own values:
If you want to use multiple SSH keys with your VM, you can enter them in a space-separated list, like this --ssh-key-values sshkey-desktop.pub sshkey-laptop.pub.
SSH into your VM
With the public key deployed on your Azure VM, and the private key on your local system, SSH into your VM using the IP address or DNS name of your VM. In the following command, replace azureuser and myvm.westus.cloudapp.azure.com with the administrator user name and the fully qualified domain name (or IP address):
If you specified a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter that passphrase when prompted during the login process. The VM is added to your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and you won't be asked to connect again until either the public key on your Azure VM changes or the server name is removed from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.
Next steps
For more information on working with SSH key pairs, see Detailed steps to create and manage SSH key pairs.
If you have difficulties with SSH connections to Azure VMs, see Troubleshoot SSH connections to an Azure Linux VM.
Real talk: passwords are bad. Passwords are notoriously hard to remember, yet easy for attackers to break. A secure password is a long, meaningless string containing a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Because they're so hard to remember, it's tempting to use the same password everywhere, which means you have to change all your passwords if just one login gets compromised.
Fortunately for us, SSH allows connections to be authenticated using keys. Key-based authentication is a huge improvement over a simple username and password combination.
Instead of a password, you have a pair of matched keys: one public, and one private. Anyone with access to the public key can use it to encrypt information, which can only be decrypted using the corresponding private key.
First, we need some keys to use.
- Did your server provide you with keys?
- Great! Let's skip down a bit.
- Don't have any keys?
- Not to worry, we can generate them.
Generate Your Keypair
If you're using Transmit 5, Code Editor, Transmit for iOS, or Prompt, you can generate keypairs from inside the app.
If you're on a Mac, we can generate your keypair from the command line. Open a Terminal window and enter the following command:
Jul 09, 2012 Locate and download PC TuneUp Maestro v.2.10.3 serial key gen from our site. Thousands of cracks, keygens and patches are presented in our storage. PC TuneUp Maestro fixes, cleans, and optimizes your Windows PC. It provides a comprehensive diagnostic snapshot of your PC's health, along with a single-click button to fix everything. It can fix registry keys, remove unwanted startup items, etc. Registry and disk defragmentation features optimize your file and registry access times. Pc tuneup maestro license key generator free.
The $ symbol indicates a command prompt. Everything after the $ is a command to be entered.
Press Return, and you'll see this:
The first decision to make is where to keep your key, and what to call it. For now we'll just stick with the defaults.
Hit Return to create a keypair using the default name id_rsa and put it in the .ssh folder in your home folder.
Nerd Stuff! The Finder in macOS keeps that .ssh folder hidden. To see your .ssh folder in the Finder, press Command+Shift+G, then enter ~/.ssh. Also! The tilde (~) is filesystem shorthand for your user's home folder. So when we say ~/.ssh, that means /Users/YOU/.ssh.
Next you can opt to encrypt your private key with a passphrase.
The passphrase is an extra layer of security on your private key. With a passphrase, not only does someone need to gain access to your private key, they also need your passphrase in order to make use of it.
To set a passphrase, enter it here.
To skip setting a passphrase, hit Return without typing anything.
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provide and writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You will use this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it can only be read with the private key. Export the RSA Public Key to a File. This is a command that is. Openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem. Jan 31, 2010 Use your key to create your ‘Certificate Signing Request' - and leave the passwords blank to create a testing ‘no password' certificate openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr Output. Openssl rsa public key. The openssl req command from the answer by @Tom H is correct to create a self-signed certificate in server.cert incl. A password-less RSA private key in server.key: Here is how it works. Omitting -des3 as in the answer by @MadHatter is not enough in this case to create a private key without passphrase. May 25, 2015 How to create keys with easy-rsa without a password prompt. John Cartwright May 25, 2015 1 Comment To create a new set of keys for OpenVPN using Easy-RSA, we firstly need to clean our environment and get ready for the build. To then obtain the matching public key, you need to use openssl rsa, supplying the same passphrase with the -passin parameter as was used to encrypt the private key: openssl rsa -passin file:passphrase.txt -pubout (This expects the encrypted private key on standard input.
Whether you set a passphrase or not, you'll be asked to confirm it. Enter the passphrase again, or just press Return.
Your keypair has been generated.
Note that the private key is called 'id_rsa' and the public key is 'id_rsa.pub', and they're both in a folder called '.ssh' in your home folder.
The Public Key
The public key (the one ending in .pub) goes on the remote server. If your server administrator provided you with a key to use, they've likely already taken care of this for you. If not, you'll need to find a way to put your public key on the server.
In most cases, this means connecting with a username and password. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and append the entire contents of your public key onto the end of the file.
Your public key is a text file with a single long line. Enter this command to see it:
It should look like this:
Note:This is just an example. This is not a valid public key.
The Private Key
The private key stays private. The .ssh folder in your home folder is a good place to keep it. Enter this command to see it:
Your private key should look something like this:
Note:This is just an example. This is not a valid private key.
The ~/.ssh/config File
Along with your public and private keys, your .ssh folder can contain a file called config containing settings and preferences relating to your keys and servers. There are too many possible options to list here, and not every possibility is supported (or even practical) in every app.
You may need to create the config file if it doesn't already exist.
As a basic example, here's what you'd put in your config so that the key called exampleKey is used when connecting with the username user to the server example.com.
Generate Public And Private Key Mac Computer
This is a great way to tell apps which key file goes with which server, especially if you use non-standard names for your keys, you keep your keys outside of ~/.ssh, or if you use passphrase-encrypted keys, which Coda and Transmit cannot validate.
You probably won't ever need to touch your config file. There are a handful of special-snowflake situations where setting an option in the config file is the only way to make it work. Your server administrator can guide you if problems arise.
Though all of our apps offer some level of support for key-based authentication, there are some differences from app to app in how keys are handled.
Supported Formats
Generally, our apps support ECDSA, RSA and DSA keys in PEM format.
Transmit 5 and Prompt 2 have additional support for Ed25519, ECDSA, RSA and DSA keys in OpenSSH format.
OpenSSH has deprecated the DSA public key algorithm due to its inherent weakness. DSA keys are disabled by default in macOS Sierra. We strongly recommend against using DSA keys if possible.
PuTTY/PPK
Keys in the PuTTY format (PPK) are not supported. If you have a PuTTY key, you can convert it to OpenSSH/PEM by following these instructions under the Dealing with Private Keys in Other Formats section.
The Present
We're using an SSH library based on libssh2 and OpenSSL. This library, used in Transmit 5, Coda 2, Prompt, Transmit iOS, and Code Editor, currently supports the following:
- KexAlgorithms
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp384
- ecdh-sha2-nistp521
- Ciphers
- aes128-ctr
- aes192-ctr
- aes256-ctr
- aes128-cbc
- aes192-cbc
- aes256-cbc
- blowfish-cbc
- arcfour
- arcfour128
- cast128-cbc
- 3des-cbc
- MACs
- sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
- sha2-512
- sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
- sha2-256
- sha1
- sha1 96
- ripemd160
Beyond what libssh2 includes, we've added support for ECDSA and EtM. We'll continue to refine and improve this library, and push our changes to the upstream libssh2 project.
Legacy releases
Transmit 4 and Coda 1 used the OpenSSH library built-in to Mac OS X. This means key support in Transmit 4 and Coda 1 is limited to what the OS-provided library supports.
Host Key Verification
The first time you connect to a server, we keep a local copy of the key the server uses to identify itself. On future connections, we can use this stored key to verify that the server we're connecting to now is the same one we've connected to before. Without host key verification, we'd be vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks.
If an app warns that the host key has changed, it means this server's key looks different from the key we stored the first time we connected to this server. If this is unexpected, you should reject the changed key, cease connecting to this server, and contact your server administrator.
In Transmit (version 5 and later), Code Editor and Prompt, the host key fingerprint is displayed the first time you connect to a new server.
In Coda, Transmit iOS, and older versions of Transmit, the host key is blindly accepted on first connection. This is generally fine, but it's something to be aware of if you're on an untrusted local network.
To view the host key fingerprint used in Coda or Transmit, open the file ~/.ssh/known_hosts and find the line that corresponds to your server. If you need to reset the host key for a server, just remove the entire line for that server from the known_hosts file.
In Code Editor and Prompt, you can view the fingerprint at any time from the server settings.
Advanced Features
Prompt and the terminal in Code Editor support agent forwarding. Coda, Transmit, and Transmit iOS do not.
Port forwarding, X11 forwarding, and ProxyCommand are not currently supported.
App-Specific Notes
Coda
In the Server pane of Coda's Site configuration sheet, there is a button with a key icon to the right of the password field. This button opens a file picker that allows you to choose a private key to use when connecting to this server. Coda automatically attempts to use any keys it finds in your .ssh folder.
When choosing a key via this button, Coda will attempt to verify the format of the key to make sure that it's valid and supported.
If your key is encrypted with a passphrase, Coda's key-chooser will be unable to verify it. See the config file workaround above.
If you've specified an encrypted key for use with this server in your config file, you can leave the key button alone and put the passphrase in Coda's password field.
The Terminal, Source Control, and MySQL functions in Coda also support keys, but you will need to add your key to the config file.
Transmit 5
In the latest version of Transmit we've added the ability to store keys right in Transmit itself. Additionally, Transmit 5 still supports keys defined in in your config file.
For a more comprehensive overview of the many ways Transmit 5 can be configured to use key-based authentication please see Transmit 5 SFTP Authentication.
Transmit 4
When connecting to an SFTP server, there is a button with a key icon to the right of the password field. This button works in much the same way as the same button in Coda: it opens a file picker that allows you to choose a private key for use when connecting to this server. Transmit will automatically attempt to use any keys it finds in your .ssh folder.
When choosing a key via this button, Transmit will attempt to verify the format of the key to make sure that it's valid and supported.
If your key is encrypted with a passphrase, Transmit's key-chooser will be unable to verify it. See the config file workaround above.
If you've specified an encrypted key for use with this server in your config file, you can leave the key button alone and put the passphrase in Transmit's password field.
Public And Private Key Encryption
Prompt
When creating a new server connection, tap the key icon next to the password field to choose a private key. If the key is encrypted with a passphrase, you can enter it when choosing the key. If you do not enter the passphrase, you will be prompted for it whenever you connect to this server.
Important! If you want to use a key with a passphrase for agent forwarding, you must enter the passphrase when adding the key to the server connection.
Generate Mac Address
You can view, import, and create keys in the Keys pane of Prompt's Settings.
To add a key for use in Prompt, open the Settings pane, tap Keys, then tap the + button at the top right of the Keys pane. You can choose to either Generate a new key, or Import an existing key.
Generate New Key
To generate a new key, tap the + button on the Keys pane of Prompt's settings and choose Generate New Key. Choose a descriptive name for your key, and optionally set a passphrase. Choose your key type, and size. Then tap 'Generate' to create your keypair. Once it's finished generating, tap Copy Public Key to put the public key on your pasteboard. We'll use it in the next step.
Now that you have your keypair, you'll want to put the public key on the remote server. Usually this means this means connecting with a username and password one last time. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and paste the public key onto the end of the file.
Copy from Clipboard
To import a key from the iOS Clipboard, first select and copy the entire contents of the private key to the pasteboard. After the private key is on the Clipboard, go to Prompt's Settings, tap Keys, then tap the + button and choose Copy from Clipboard. If your key is in a valid and supported format – and if it's the private key, not the public key – Prompt will import the key for you.
Import from iTunes
Use iTunes File Sharing to import your private key. Note that Prompt does not support importing arbitrary files via iTunes File Sharing; this only works for keys.
Agent Forwarding
To enable agent forwarding in Prompt, toggle the Agent Forwarding switch in the Server settings. If your key uses a passphrase, you'll need to have entered it when you added the key to the server entry.
Code Editor
When creating a remote server connection in a new Site, tap the key icon next to the password field to choose a private key. If the key is encrypted with a passphrase, you can enter it when choosing the key. If you do not enter the passphrase, you will be prompted for it whenever you connect to this server.
Important! If you want to use a key with a passphrase for agent forwarding, you must enter the passphrase when adding the key to the server connection.
You can view, import, and create keys in the Keys pane of Coda's Settings. Key generator sims 4 dlc.
To add a key for use in Coda, open the Settings pane, tap Keys, then tap the + button at the top right of the Keys pane. You can choose to either Generate a new key, or Import an existing key.
Generate New Key
To generate a new key, tap the + button on the Keys pane of Coda's settings and choose Generate New Key. Choose a descriptive name for your key, and optionally set a passphrase. Choose your key type, and size. Then tap 'Generate' to create your keypair. Once it's finished generating, tap Copy Public Key to put the public key on your pasteboard. We'll use it in the next step.
Now that you have your keypair, you'll want to put the public key on the remote server. Usually this means this means connecting with a username and password one last time. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and paste the public key onto the end of the file.
Import From Pasteboard
To import a key from the iOS Pasteboard, first select and copy the entire contents of the private key to the pasteboard. After the private key is on the pasteboard, go to Coda's Settings, tap Keys, then tap the + button and choose Import from Pasteboard. If your key is in a valid and supported format – and if it's the private key, not the public key – Coda will import the key for you.
Import from Local
Use this option to import a private key from the Local file storage on your iOS device. One example where this is useful is if you've got your private key on your Mac. Use Coda to connect to your Mac on the same local network, then transfer the key into Coda's Local file storage. Once the key is in Coda's local file storage, it can be imported for use.
If you specified a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter that passphrase when prompted during the login process. The VM is added to your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and you won't be asked to connect again until either the public key on your Azure VM changes or the server name is removed from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.
Next steps
For more information on working with SSH key pairs, see Detailed steps to create and manage SSH key pairs.
If you have difficulties with SSH connections to Azure VMs, see Troubleshoot SSH connections to an Azure Linux VM.
Real talk: passwords are bad. Passwords are notoriously hard to remember, yet easy for attackers to break. A secure password is a long, meaningless string containing a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Because they're so hard to remember, it's tempting to use the same password everywhere, which means you have to change all your passwords if just one login gets compromised.
Fortunately for us, SSH allows connections to be authenticated using keys. Key-based authentication is a huge improvement over a simple username and password combination.
Instead of a password, you have a pair of matched keys: one public, and one private. Anyone with access to the public key can use it to encrypt information, which can only be decrypted using the corresponding private key.
First, we need some keys to use.
- Did your server provide you with keys?
- Great! Let's skip down a bit.
- Don't have any keys?
- Not to worry, we can generate them.
Generate Your Keypair
If you're using Transmit 5, Code Editor, Transmit for iOS, or Prompt, you can generate keypairs from inside the app.
If you're on a Mac, we can generate your keypair from the command line. Open a Terminal window and enter the following command:
Jul 09, 2012 Locate and download PC TuneUp Maestro v.2.10.3 serial key gen from our site. Thousands of cracks, keygens and patches are presented in our storage. PC TuneUp Maestro fixes, cleans, and optimizes your Windows PC. It provides a comprehensive diagnostic snapshot of your PC's health, along with a single-click button to fix everything. It can fix registry keys, remove unwanted startup items, etc. Registry and disk defragmentation features optimize your file and registry access times. Pc tuneup maestro license key generator free.
The $ symbol indicates a command prompt. Everything after the $ is a command to be entered.
Press Return, and you'll see this:
The first decision to make is where to keep your key, and what to call it. For now we'll just stick with the defaults.
Hit Return to create a keypair using the default name id_rsa and put it in the .ssh folder in your home folder.
Nerd Stuff! The Finder in macOS keeps that .ssh folder hidden. To see your .ssh folder in the Finder, press Command+Shift+G, then enter ~/.ssh. Also! The tilde (~) is filesystem shorthand for your user's home folder. So when we say ~/.ssh, that means /Users/YOU/.ssh.
Next you can opt to encrypt your private key with a passphrase.
The passphrase is an extra layer of security on your private key. With a passphrase, not only does someone need to gain access to your private key, they also need your passphrase in order to make use of it.
To set a passphrase, enter it here.
To skip setting a passphrase, hit Return without typing anything.
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provide and writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You will use this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it can only be read with the private key. Export the RSA Public Key to a File. This is a command that is. Openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem. Jan 31, 2010 Use your key to create your ‘Certificate Signing Request' - and leave the passwords blank to create a testing ‘no password' certificate openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr Output. Openssl rsa public key. The openssl req command from the answer by @Tom H is correct to create a self-signed certificate in server.cert incl. A password-less RSA private key in server.key: Here is how it works. Omitting -des3 as in the answer by @MadHatter is not enough in this case to create a private key without passphrase. May 25, 2015 How to create keys with easy-rsa without a password prompt. John Cartwright May 25, 2015 1 Comment To create a new set of keys for OpenVPN using Easy-RSA, we firstly need to clean our environment and get ready for the build. To then obtain the matching public key, you need to use openssl rsa, supplying the same passphrase with the -passin parameter as was used to encrypt the private key: openssl rsa -passin file:passphrase.txt -pubout (This expects the encrypted private key on standard input.
Whether you set a passphrase or not, you'll be asked to confirm it. Enter the passphrase again, or just press Return.
Your keypair has been generated.
Note that the private key is called 'id_rsa' and the public key is 'id_rsa.pub', and they're both in a folder called '.ssh' in your home folder.
The Public Key
The public key (the one ending in .pub) goes on the remote server. If your server administrator provided you with a key to use, they've likely already taken care of this for you. If not, you'll need to find a way to put your public key on the server.
In most cases, this means connecting with a username and password. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and append the entire contents of your public key onto the end of the file.
Your public key is a text file with a single long line. Enter this command to see it:
It should look like this:
Note:This is just an example. This is not a valid public key.
The Private Key
The private key stays private. The .ssh folder in your home folder is a good place to keep it. Enter this command to see it:
Your private key should look something like this:
Note:This is just an example. This is not a valid private key.
The ~/.ssh/config File
Along with your public and private keys, your .ssh folder can contain a file called config containing settings and preferences relating to your keys and servers. There are too many possible options to list here, and not every possibility is supported (or even practical) in every app.
You may need to create the config file if it doesn't already exist.
As a basic example, here's what you'd put in your config so that the key called exampleKey is used when connecting with the username user to the server example.com.
Generate Public And Private Key Mac Computer
This is a great way to tell apps which key file goes with which server, especially if you use non-standard names for your keys, you keep your keys outside of ~/.ssh, or if you use passphrase-encrypted keys, which Coda and Transmit cannot validate.
You probably won't ever need to touch your config file. There are a handful of special-snowflake situations where setting an option in the config file is the only way to make it work. Your server administrator can guide you if problems arise.
Though all of our apps offer some level of support for key-based authentication, there are some differences from app to app in how keys are handled.
Supported Formats
Generally, our apps support ECDSA, RSA and DSA keys in PEM format.
Transmit 5 and Prompt 2 have additional support for Ed25519, ECDSA, RSA and DSA keys in OpenSSH format.
OpenSSH has deprecated the DSA public key algorithm due to its inherent weakness. DSA keys are disabled by default in macOS Sierra. We strongly recommend against using DSA keys if possible.
PuTTY/PPK
Keys in the PuTTY format (PPK) are not supported. If you have a PuTTY key, you can convert it to OpenSSH/PEM by following these instructions under the Dealing with Private Keys in Other Formats section.
The Present
We're using an SSH library based on libssh2 and OpenSSL. This library, used in Transmit 5, Coda 2, Prompt, Transmit iOS, and Code Editor, currently supports the following:
- KexAlgorithms
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp384
- ecdh-sha2-nistp521
- Ciphers
- aes128-ctr
- aes192-ctr
- aes256-ctr
- aes128-cbc
- aes192-cbc
- aes256-cbc
- blowfish-cbc
- arcfour
- arcfour128
- cast128-cbc
- 3des-cbc
- MACs
- sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
- sha2-512
- sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
- sha2-256
- sha1
- sha1 96
- ripemd160
Beyond what libssh2 includes, we've added support for ECDSA and EtM. We'll continue to refine and improve this library, and push our changes to the upstream libssh2 project.
Legacy releases
Transmit 4 and Coda 1 used the OpenSSH library built-in to Mac OS X. This means key support in Transmit 4 and Coda 1 is limited to what the OS-provided library supports.
Host Key Verification
The first time you connect to a server, we keep a local copy of the key the server uses to identify itself. On future connections, we can use this stored key to verify that the server we're connecting to now is the same one we've connected to before. Without host key verification, we'd be vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks.
If an app warns that the host key has changed, it means this server's key looks different from the key we stored the first time we connected to this server. If this is unexpected, you should reject the changed key, cease connecting to this server, and contact your server administrator.
In Transmit (version 5 and later), Code Editor and Prompt, the host key fingerprint is displayed the first time you connect to a new server.
In Coda, Transmit iOS, and older versions of Transmit, the host key is blindly accepted on first connection. This is generally fine, but it's something to be aware of if you're on an untrusted local network.
To view the host key fingerprint used in Coda or Transmit, open the file ~/.ssh/known_hosts and find the line that corresponds to your server. If you need to reset the host key for a server, just remove the entire line for that server from the known_hosts file.
In Code Editor and Prompt, you can view the fingerprint at any time from the server settings.
Advanced Features
Prompt and the terminal in Code Editor support agent forwarding. Coda, Transmit, and Transmit iOS do not.
Port forwarding, X11 forwarding, and ProxyCommand are not currently supported.
App-Specific Notes
Coda
In the Server pane of Coda's Site configuration sheet, there is a button with a key icon to the right of the password field. This button opens a file picker that allows you to choose a private key to use when connecting to this server. Coda automatically attempts to use any keys it finds in your .ssh folder.
When choosing a key via this button, Coda will attempt to verify the format of the key to make sure that it's valid and supported.
If your key is encrypted with a passphrase, Coda's key-chooser will be unable to verify it. See the config file workaround above.
If you've specified an encrypted key for use with this server in your config file, you can leave the key button alone and put the passphrase in Coda's password field.
The Terminal, Source Control, and MySQL functions in Coda also support keys, but you will need to add your key to the config file.
Transmit 5
In the latest version of Transmit we've added the ability to store keys right in Transmit itself. Additionally, Transmit 5 still supports keys defined in in your config file.
For a more comprehensive overview of the many ways Transmit 5 can be configured to use key-based authentication please see Transmit 5 SFTP Authentication.
Transmit 4
When connecting to an SFTP server, there is a button with a key icon to the right of the password field. This button works in much the same way as the same button in Coda: it opens a file picker that allows you to choose a private key for use when connecting to this server. Transmit will automatically attempt to use any keys it finds in your .ssh folder.
When choosing a key via this button, Transmit will attempt to verify the format of the key to make sure that it's valid and supported.
If your key is encrypted with a passphrase, Transmit's key-chooser will be unable to verify it. See the config file workaround above.
If you've specified an encrypted key for use with this server in your config file, you can leave the key button alone and put the passphrase in Transmit's password field.
Public And Private Key Encryption
Prompt
When creating a new server connection, tap the key icon next to the password field to choose a private key. If the key is encrypted with a passphrase, you can enter it when choosing the key. If you do not enter the passphrase, you will be prompted for it whenever you connect to this server.
Important! If you want to use a key with a passphrase for agent forwarding, you must enter the passphrase when adding the key to the server connection.
Generate Mac Address
You can view, import, and create keys in the Keys pane of Prompt's Settings.
To add a key for use in Prompt, open the Settings pane, tap Keys, then tap the + button at the top right of the Keys pane. You can choose to either Generate a new key, or Import an existing key.
Generate New Key
To generate a new key, tap the + button on the Keys pane of Prompt's settings and choose Generate New Key. Choose a descriptive name for your key, and optionally set a passphrase. Choose your key type, and size. Then tap 'Generate' to create your keypair. Once it's finished generating, tap Copy Public Key to put the public key on your pasteboard. We'll use it in the next step.
Now that you have your keypair, you'll want to put the public key on the remote server. Usually this means this means connecting with a username and password one last time. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and paste the public key onto the end of the file.
Copy from Clipboard
To import a key from the iOS Clipboard, first select and copy the entire contents of the private key to the pasteboard. After the private key is on the Clipboard, go to Prompt's Settings, tap Keys, then tap the + button and choose Copy from Clipboard. If your key is in a valid and supported format – and if it's the private key, not the public key – Prompt will import the key for you.
Import from iTunes
Use iTunes File Sharing to import your private key. Note that Prompt does not support importing arbitrary files via iTunes File Sharing; this only works for keys.
Agent Forwarding
To enable agent forwarding in Prompt, toggle the Agent Forwarding switch in the Server settings. If your key uses a passphrase, you'll need to have entered it when you added the key to the server entry.
Code Editor
When creating a remote server connection in a new Site, tap the key icon next to the password field to choose a private key. If the key is encrypted with a passphrase, you can enter it when choosing the key. If you do not enter the passphrase, you will be prompted for it whenever you connect to this server.
Important! If you want to use a key with a passphrase for agent forwarding, you must enter the passphrase when adding the key to the server connection.
You can view, import, and create keys in the Keys pane of Coda's Settings. Key generator sims 4 dlc.
To add a key for use in Coda, open the Settings pane, tap Keys, then tap the + button at the top right of the Keys pane. You can choose to either Generate a new key, or Import an existing key.
Generate New Key
To generate a new key, tap the + button on the Keys pane of Coda's settings and choose Generate New Key. Choose a descriptive name for your key, and optionally set a passphrase. Choose your key type, and size. Then tap 'Generate' to create your keypair. Once it's finished generating, tap Copy Public Key to put the public key on your pasteboard. We'll use it in the next step.
Now that you have your keypair, you'll want to put the public key on the remote server. Usually this means this means connecting with a username and password one last time. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and paste the public key onto the end of the file.
Import From Pasteboard
To import a key from the iOS Pasteboard, first select and copy the entire contents of the private key to the pasteboard. After the private key is on the pasteboard, go to Coda's Settings, tap Keys, then tap the + button and choose Import from Pasteboard. If your key is in a valid and supported format – and if it's the private key, not the public key – Coda will import the key for you.
Import from Local
Use this option to import a private key from the Local file storage on your iOS device. One example where this is useful is if you've got your private key on your Mac. Use Coda to connect to your Mac on the same local network, then transfer the key into Coda's Local file storage. Once the key is in Coda's local file storage, it can be imported for use.
Import from iTunes
Use iTunes File Sharing to import your private key. Note that Coda does not support importing arbitrary files via iTunes File Sharing; this only works for keys.
Agent Forwarding
To enable agent forwarding in Code Editor, toggle the Agent Forwarding switch in the Terminal pane of the Site's settings. If your key uses a passphrase, you'll need to have entered it when you added the key to the server entry.
Transmit iOS
When creating a new server connection, tap the key icon next to the password field to choose a private key. If the key is encrypted with a passphrase, you can enter it when choosing the key. If you do not enter the passphrase, you will be prompted for it whenever you connect to this server.
You can view, import, and create keys in the Keys pane of Transmit's Settings.
To add a key for use in Transmit, open the Settings pane, tap Keys, then tap the + button at the top right of the Keys pane. You can choose to either Generate a new key, or Import an existing key.
Generate New Key
To generate a new key, tap the + button on the Keys pane of Transmit's settings and choose Generate New Key. Choose a descriptive name for your key, and optionally set a passphrase. Choose your key type (we recommend RSA), and size (we recommend 2048 or 4096). Then tap 'Generate' to create your keypair. Once it's finished generating, tap Copy Public Key to put the public key on your pasteboard. We'll use it in the next step.
Now that you have your keypair, you'll want to put the public key on the remote server. Usually this means this means connecting with a username and password one last time. Once connected, navigate into ~/.ssh/ on the remote server and look for a file called authorized_keys or authorized_keys2. Open that file in a text editor, and paste the public key onto the end of the file.
Import From Pasteboard
To import a key from the iOS Pasteboard, first select and copy the entire contents of the private key to the pasteboard. After the private key is on the pasteboard, go to Transmit's Settings, tap Keys, then tap the + button and choose Import from Pasteboard. If your key is in a valid and supported format – and if it's the private key, not the public key – Transmit will import the key for you.
Import from Local
Use this option to import a private key from the Local file storage on your iOS device. One example where this is useful is if you've got your private key on your Mac. Use Transmit to connect to your Mac on the same local network, then transfer the key into Transmit's Local file storage. Once the key is in Transmit's local file storage, it can be imported for use in Transmit.
Import from iTunes
Generate Public Private Key Pair Macos
Use iTunes File Sharing to import your private key. Note that Transmit does not support importing arbitrary files via iTunes File Sharing; this only works for keys.
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Troubleshooting
Why does it say my key is not in a supported format?
The most common reason you'd see this error is if you select a passphrase-encrypted key via the key chooser button in either Coda or Transmit on macOS. Coda and Transmit want to validate the key before letting you use it, but the encryption prevents that from happening. (Admittedly, this is not ideal, and should be improved.)
As a workaround, add your key to the ~/.ssh/config file, skip the key button altogether, and put the passphrase in the password field.
You'll also get this error if you use a key in an unsupported format, such as a PuTTy key. Make sure you're using a supported key.
Mac Private Key
Why can't I import my key from the pasteboard?
Most of the time this is a format issue. Are you sure you're using a supported key?
Double-check that it's the private key, not the public key. They look different (see the abovesections on each), so it should be easy to tell.
One particularly nasty gotcha to watch out for involves the text substitution feature of macOS. For example, let's say you copy and paste the contents of your private key somewhere easily accessible from your iOS device. You might notice that macOS has helpfully changed runs of hyphens (----) into em-dashes (––).
Your private key used to look like this:
But it now looks like this:
It's a subtle difference, but it's enough to break your key. Watch out!
